Foreign nationals who wish to work legally in Turkey are required to obtain a *work permit*. Issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, a work permit allows foreigners to engage in employment, set up businesses, or work independently in Turkey. Different types of work permits cater to varying needs and employment situations.
Turkey offers several categories of work permits, each designed to meet the requirements of different applicants. These permits include short-term, long-term, independent work permits, and the Turquoise Card.
- Short-Term Work Permit: A short-term work permit is granted to foreigners employed by a specific employer for a limited period, usually up to one year. The permit is renewable, subject to the continuity of the employment.
- Long-Term Work Permit: Foreigners who have resided in Turkey for at least eight years with a valid work permit may be eligible for a long-term work permit, which offers unlimited employment rights in Turkey without the need for renewal.
- Independent Work Permit: Foreign nationals who wish to engage in self-employment or operate their own business in Turkey can apply for an independent work permit. This permit is suitable for freelancers, consultants, or entrepreneurs.
- Turquoise Card (Turkuaz Kart): The Turquoise Card is designed for highly skilled professionals, investors, and scientists who contribute significantly to Turkey’s economy or knowledge base. The card grants permanent work and residency rights in Turkey.
Foreigners can apply for a work permit either from abroad or within Turkey, depending on their current residency status.- Applying from Abroad: Foreigners must submit their work permit application through Turkey’s diplomatic missions (embassies or consulates) in their home country or country of legal residence. Once the application is submitted, the employer in Turkey must finalize the process by submitting the necessary documents to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security within 10 business days.
- Applying within Turkey: Foreigners already holding a valid residence permit in Turkey (excluding student residence permits) may apply directly to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security for a work permit.
The documents required for a work permit application include:
- Valid passport copy
- Employment contract or job offer letter
- Biometric photo
- Diploma or degree certificate
- Professional qualification certificate (if applicable)
- Employer-issued application form
Work permits are usually issued for one year initially. However, foreign nationals can apply for a renewal before the permit expires. Renewal applications must be submitted no later than 60 days before the expiration date of the current permit.
- First Renewal: Up to two years
- Subsequent Renewals: Up to three years
A work permit may be canceled if the foreigner violates the terms of the permit, such as working in an unauthorized job, or if the employment contract is terminated. Employers are also obligated to notify the Ministry if the employment relationship ends.
Obtaining a work permit in Turkey is a crucial step for foreign nationals seeking legal employment or business opportunities in the country. Understanding the types of work permits available and adhering to the application process helps ensure a smooth and successful permit approval. Foreigners should keep track of the renewal deadlines and comply with the rules to avoid legal complications.
